A receivable is collateral only if it can be collected. Collection depends on three verifiable facts: the debtor's solvency, the absence of prior encumbrances on the receivable itself, and the absence of competing claims against the assignor. Each of these facts has a traceable source in Polish official registers. The ceiling of what those sources allow is stated in this page before any engagement begins.
- What the sources show
- Insolvency status of the debtor and assignor, registered pledges over receivables, enforcement proceedings, and court judgments. Sources: Krajowy Rejestr Zadłużonych (KRZ), Rejestr Zastawów, Portal Orzeczeń Sądów Powszechnych · verified 13.08.2026.
- Cost of direct access
- KRZ search is free and requires no registration. Rejestr Zastawów charges a statutory fee per query; the current tariff is published by the Ministry of Justice.
- Access condition
- KRZ and Portal Orzeczeń are publicly accessible without a declared interest. Rejestr Zastawów requires a written query with the subject's identifying data.
- What the sources do not show
- The face value of the receivable, payment history, contractual subordination clauses, and set-off rights held by the debtor. These exist only in the underlying contract.
What the collateral angle requires
Valuing a receivable as collateral requires two parallel checks. The first is directed at the debtor: is the obligor solvent, and is it subject to restructuring or enforcement? The second is directed at the assignor: has the same receivable already been pledged, assigned, or attached by a court bailiff? A positive result on either check materially reduces recoverable value.
Polish law provides a registered pledge mechanism specifically for receivables. A pledge registered in the Rejestr Zastawów is effective against third parties from the date of registration, not from the date of the underlying agreement. A foreign lender relying on an unregistered assignment may find that a domestic pledgee with an earlier registration date takes priority.
| Check | Source | What it confirms | What it does not confirm | Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debtor insolvency | Krajowy Rejestr Zadłużonych (KRZ) | Bankruptcy, restructuring, and debt-relief proceedings; enforcement suspensions | Informal payment difficulties; proceedings filed but not yet entered | Public, no registration required |
| Registered pledge over receivable | Rejestr Zastawów | Existence, date, and pledgee of a registered pledge | Unregistered assignments; contractual subordination | Written query; statutory fee applies |
| Court judgments against debtor | Portal Orzeczeń Sądów Powszechnych | Published civil judgments; enforcement titles | Unpublished decisions; mediated settlements | Public, searchable by party name |
| Enforcement proceedings | KRZ (enforcement module) | Active bailiff proceedings; asset attachment notices | Proceedings concluded before KRZ launch; informal arrangements | Public, no registration required |
| Assignor corporate standing | Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy (KRS) | Legal existence, registered capital, liquidation status | Actual paid-in capital; off-register restructuring | Public, no registration required |
Free sources: what the fee covers
KRZ and Portal Orzeczeń are public and free of charge. What a report fee covers is the removed path: locating the correct national identifier (NIP or KRS number) for each entity, navigating Polish-language interfaces, cross-referencing results across multiple registers, and producing a structured English-language output with source citations. The raw data is public. The structured, cross-referenced, dated output is not.
Where the sources disagree
KRZ records a proceeding from the date of judicial decision on its opening. A petition filed weeks earlier does not appear until that decision is issued. A search returning no result on the day of a credit decision may show an active restructuring proceeding two weeks later. This is not a data error; it is a structural feature of the system.
Rejestr Zastawów and KRS can also diverge. A pledge registered over a receivable belonging to a company that has since been struck from KRS creates a question of enforceability that the registers themselves do not resolve. Both records are accurate; the tension between them is the finding.
The limit of what the sources allow
Official Polish registers establish whether a receivable is encumbered, whether the debtor is insolvent, and whether the assignor is subject to enforcement. They do not establish the face value of the receivable, the payment history between the parties, or the debtor's contractual right of set-off. Those facts exist only in the underlying contract and in the parties' correspondence. No register query reaches them.
A negative result in KRZ does not exclude a proceeding filed but not yet decided. A clean Rejestr Zastawów result does not exclude an unregistered assignment effective between the parties. The report names the level at which each chain stops and states why it stops there.
The ceiling of what the sources allow is stated before payment. Scope is fixed by the tier selected; it does not expand retroactively if additional encumbrances are found during the search.
What is included at each tier
| Tier | Price (EUR, excl. VAT) | Included | Not included |
|---|---|---|---|
| Signal | €590 | KRZ search on debtor and assignor (insolvency, restructuring, enforcement module); KRS standing check on assignor; Rejestr Zastawów query on the identified receivable; structured English-language summary with source citations and retrieval dates | Portal Orzeczeń judgment search; cross-reference of multiple receivables; analysis of contractual documentation; any fact not derivable from the three registers listed |
| Standard | €990 | Everything in Signal; Portal Orzeczeń search on debtor and assignor; KRS historical filings review (changes in share structure, liquidation history); written summary of register divergences where found; timeline of proceeding dates where applicable | Review of underlying contracts or invoices; legal qualification of priority between competing encumbrances; enforcement strategy or legal advice of any kind |
| Extended | €2 200 | Everything in Standard; expanded debtor profile covering up to three related entities (parent, subsidiary, or guarantor) identified from KRS; Rejestr Zastawów queries on all three; consolidated collateral map showing encumbrance dates and pledgees across entities; English-language report suitable for credit-committee presentation | Valuation of the receivable; legal opinion on enforceability; court representation; any work product beyond the factual register compilation described |
Frequently asked questions
Does a clean KRZ result mean the debtor can pay?
No. KRZ records formal insolvency and restructuring proceedings. It does not record payment delays, disputed invoices, or informal workout arrangements. A debtor with no KRZ entry may still be illiquid.
What if the receivable is denominated in a foreign currency?
Currency denomination does not affect register access. KRZ and Rejestr Zastawów record proceedings and pledges regardless of the currency in which the underlying receivable is expressed. The report notes the currency where it appears in the register entry.
Can a pledge over a receivable be enforced without a court judgment?
Polish law permits out-of-court enforcement of a registered pledge under specific conditions set out in the pledge agreement. Whether those conditions are met in a particular case is a legal question outside the scope of a factual register report.
How long does the search take?
Signal and Standard tiers are delivered within five business days of receipt of the identifying data (NIP or KRS number of each entity). Extended tier is delivered within eight business days. Delivery dates are confirmed in writing at the time of instruction.
What identifying data is required to start?
The NIP (tax identification number) or KRS number of the debtor and the assignor. For a Rejestr Zastawów query, the subject's full legal name and registered address are also required. The report cannot be initiated without at least one national identifier per entity.
Disclaimer: This report is a factual compilation from official registers and public sources. It is provided for informational purposes only, does not constitute legal advice, and contains no legal qualification of the facts established. KORDECKI & Partners assumes no liability for actions taken or not taken based on this material. For advice regarding your particular situation, please contact info@kordeckipartners.com.