A debtor report compiled before taking Polish collateral establishes what already encumbers the proposed security and whether the debtor's financial standing supports the obligation it is meant to secure. The collateral angle is the starting point: what is the asset actually worth, and what prior claims already attach to it.
- What the sources show
- Insolvency proceedings, restructuring filings, enforcement titles, registered pledges, and court judgments entered against the debtor. Sources: Krajowy Rejestr Zadłużonych (KRZ), Rejestr Zastawów, Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy (KRS) · verified 09.06.2026
- Condition of access
- KRZ and KRS are publicly searchable by name or NIP. Rejestr Zastawów requires a written query to the relevant court or a certified extract request.
- What the sources do not show
- Undisclosed liabilities, off-balance-sheet obligations, and claims filed but not yet registered. A clean result is not a guarantee of clean title.
- Tariffs
- No exact fee stated here; each registry publishes its own tariff. Mechanisms are described below.
What the registers cover
The Krajowy Rejestr Zadłużonych (KRZ) is the central Polish insolvency and restructuring register. It records opened insolvency proceedings, restructuring proceedings under the Restructuring Law of 2015, and enforcement proceedings where assets proved insufficient. Entries appear at the moment the court issues the relevant decision.
The Rejestr Zastawów records registered pledges over movable assets and assignable rights. Each entry names the pledgor, the pledgee, the secured amount, and the pledged asset. Priority among pledgees follows registration order. A lender taking a pledge over an asset already pledged to another creditor takes a subordinate position, regardless of what the debtor disclosed.
The Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy (KRS) holds the corporate file: current shareholders, management board, supervisory board, registered capital, and filed financial statements. For a debtor that is a legal entity, the KRS entry shows whether the company is in liquidation and whether any enforcement restrictions appear on the record.
| Register | What it records | Access method | What it does not record |
|---|---|---|---|
| KRZ | Insolvency, restructuring, enforcement insufficiency | Public search by name or NIP at krz.ms.gov.pl | Pre-filing petitions; informal arrangements |
| Rejestr Zastawów | Registered pledges: pledgor, pledgee, asset, amount | Written query or certified extract from pledge court | Unregistered security interests; financial collateral under 2004 Act |
| KRS | Corporate structure, capital, financials, liquidation | Public search at ekrs.ms.gov.pl | Off-balance-sheet items; group-level obligations |
| KRD / BIG InfoMonitor | Consumer and commercial payment defaults (voluntary disclosure) | Paid query; requires NIP or PESEL | Creditors who chose not to register the debt |
Prior encumbrances and priority
Polish law recognises several security instruments that may already encumber the proposed collateral. Registered pledges (zastaw rejestrowy) are the most common over movable assets. Mortgage (hipoteka) encumbers real property and is visible in the land and mortgage register (Księga Wieczysta). Financial collateral arrangements under the 2004 Act implementing EU Directive 2002/47/EC are not entered in any public register.
Priority in enforcement follows a statutory order set out in the Code of Civil Procedure and the Restructuring and Bankruptcy Law. A registered pledge entered earlier ranks ahead of one entered later, regardless of when the underlying agreement was signed. The report maps what is registered; it does not rank unregistered claims, because those are not visible to the registers.
Enforcement history
The KRZ records enforcement proceedings closed due to asset insufficiency. This is a backward-looking signal: it shows that a bailiff previously found no seizable assets. It does not show currently active enforcement proceedings conducted by a bailiff outside the insolvency framework, because active proceedings are not centrally registered in Poland.
Court judgments resulting in an enforcement title (tytuł wykonawczy) are not centrally indexed. A judgment becomes visible only if it is entered in the KRZ following insolvency or if the creditor registers the resulting debt in a commercial debt register. The absence of a KRZ entry does not mean no judgment exists.
The limit of what the sources allow
The ceiling of what the sources allow is stated before payment. No Polish public register provides a consolidated view of all claims against a debtor. The KRZ shows insolvency and restructuring; the Rejestr Zastawów shows registered pledges; the KRS shows the corporate shell. None of these registers shows:
- Unregistered security interests, including financial collateral arrangements
- Tax liabilities and ZUS (social insurance) arrears not yet converted to an enforcement title
- Pending insolvency petitions not yet decided by the court
- Claims subject to confidential settlement agreements
- Off-balance-sheet obligations and guarantees given to group entities
The report names the register, states what it returned, and identifies the point at which the chain of visibility ends. A clean result means no entry was found in the searched register on the search date. It does not mean the debtor is unencumbered.
Where the sources disagree
KRS financial statements and KRZ entries sometimes point in different directions. A company may file accounts showing positive equity while simultaneously appearing in the KRZ under a restructuring proceeding opened after the accounts were prepared. The accounts reflect a past period; the KRZ reflects a court decision that may post-date them by months.
The Rejestr Zastawów and the debtor's own disclosure may also diverge. Debtors occasionally omit pledges from representations, either because the pledge was granted by a related entity rather than the debtor directly, or because the pledge was granted over an asset the debtor no longer treats as material. The register is the controlling source; the debtor's disclosure is not.
What is included at each tier
| Tier | Price (EUR, excl. VAT) | Included | Not included |
|---|---|---|---|
| Signal | €590 | KRZ search (insolvency and restructuring); KRS extract (corporate status, liquidation flag); summary of findings in English; source badges with retrieval dates | Rejestr Zastawów query; KRS financial statement review; debt register queries (KRD / BIG); enforcement history analysis; legal qualification of findings |
| Standard | €990 | Everything in Signal; Rejestr Zastawów certified extract; KRD / BIG InfoMonitor query; KRS financial statements review (last two filed periods); summary table of registered encumbrances with priority order | Tax and ZUS arrears verification; analysis of group-level obligations; legal qualification of findings; representation before any authority |
| Extended | €2,200 | Everything in Standard; tax arrears certificate request (zaświadczenie o niezaleganiu, US and ZUS); review of group structure for upstream/downstream pledges; identification of financial collateral arrangements where disclosed in filed documents; consolidated encumbrance map with gap analysis; English-language memorandum | Legal advice on enforcement strategy; court representation; opinion on recoverability; any finding not derivable from official registers and filed documents |
Frequently asked questions
Does a clean KRZ result mean the debtor is solvent?
No. The KRZ records court decisions. A debtor may be insolvent in the balance-sheet sense without any proceeding having been opened. The absence of a KRZ entry means no proceeding was registered, not that no ground for one exists.
How long does the Rejestr Zastawów extract take?
The extract is issued by the pledge court with territorial jurisdiction over the pledgor's registered seat. Processing time varies by court. The report notes the date the query was submitted and the date the extract was received.
Can the report cover a natural person debtor, not a company?
Yes. The KRZ and Rejestr Zastawów cover both legal entities and natural persons. The KRS does not apply to natural persons. The scope of the report is adjusted accordingly, and the Signal tier price remains €590.
What if the debtor operates through a group structure?
The Signal and Standard tiers cover the named debtor entity only. The Extended tier includes a review of the group structure and searches for pledges or insolvency entries at the level of identified affiliates. Cross-border affiliates outside Poland are outside scope at all tiers.
Is this report a legal opinion on the validity of the proposed security?
No. The report is a factual compilation from official registers. It establishes what is recorded, what the retrieval date was, and where the chain of visibility ends. Legal qualification of the findings — including advice on whether the proposed security is enforceable — is not part of any tier.
Disclaimer: This report is a factual compilation from official registers and public sources. It is provided for informational purposes only, does not constitute legal advice, and contains no legal qualification of the facts established. KORDECKI & Partners assumes no liability for actions taken or not taken based on this material. For advice regarding your particular situation, please contact info@kordeckipartners.com.