A debtor report on a Polish counterparty draws from four official registers. Each register covers a distinct layer: court proceedings, insolvency status, enforcement history, and registered pledges. None covers all four. The collateral value of any Polish asset depends on what those registers jointly show — and on what they structurally cannot show.
- What the registers show
- Pending court proceedings, insolvency filings, enforcement orders, and registered pledges over movable assets. Sources: KRZ, KRS, KRN, RZ · verified 23.07.2026
- Access condition
- KRZ and KRS are publicly searchable by name or PESEL/NIP. RZ requires a registered account. KRN requires a written request with stated legitimate interest.
- What the registers do not show
- Unregistered contractual pledges, tax liens not yet entered, and enforcement proceedings initiated but not yet recorded.
- Language of output
- All official extracts are issued in Polish. Certified translation is a separate cost.
What a debtor report covers
The report maps a natural person or legal entity against four Polish registers. Each register answers a different question about the debtor's position and the encumbrances already attached to their assets.
| Register | What it records | Access condition | Language |
|---|---|---|---|
| KRZ — Krajowy Rejestr Zadłużonych | Insolvency proceedings, restructuring, consumer bankruptcy | Public, name or NIP search | Polish |
| KRS — Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy | Corporate status, officers, registered capital, enforcement notes | Public, name or KRS number | Polish |
| KRN — Krajowy Rejestr Należności | Unpaid obligations entered by creditors | Legitimate interest required; written request | Polish |
| RZ — Rejestr Zastawów | Registered pledges over movable assets and receivables | Registered account; per-query fee | Polish |
KRZ is the primary insolvency instrument. It replaced the paper-based monitor in 2021 and consolidates filings from all district courts. A negative result in KRZ does not confirm absence of a filed application — it confirms that no proceeding has been entered yet.
The collateral dimension
A foreign buyer or lender assessing collateral needs to know two things before any valuation is meaningful. First: what encumbrances already attach to the asset. Second: whether the debtor's financial position makes enforcement of those encumbrances probable.
RZ records registered pledges — the Polish equivalent of a fixed charge over movables. A pledge registered there takes priority over subsequent creditors. An unregistered pledge does not appear and cannot be detected from official sources alone.
KRZ records the opening of insolvency or restructuring proceedings. Once opened, an automatic stay applies to individual enforcement actions. A lender relying on collateral in a Polish insolvency must file a claim in the proceedings. The register shows whether that stage has been reached.
KRN records entered obligations. An entry requires a creditor action. Obligations not yet entered — including disputed claims and tax assessments under appeal — do not appear.
Enforcement history: what the registers record and when
Polish enforcement is conducted by a komornik sądowy — a court-appointed bailiff. Enforcement proceedings are not centrally registered in a single searchable database. KRS notes enforcement-related facts for registered companies where the court has ordered an entry. Individual debtors' enforcement history is not consolidated in any public register.
The report therefore distinguishes between what is confirmed from official sources and what is inferred from the absence of entries. Both are stated explicitly. Absence of an entry in KRZ is not the same as confirmed solvency.
Access barriers for foreign requesters
All four registers require a Polish national identifier — NIP for legal entities, PESEL for natural persons — to run a precise search. A name-only search returns results but may produce false negatives for common surnames or transliterated names. RZ requires a registered account with a Polish electronic signature or a trusted profile (Profil Zaufany). KRN requires a written statement of legitimate interest, submitted in Polish.
Official extracts are issued in Polish. Certified translation into English is not provided by the registers. It must be arranged separately and adds time and cost to the verification path.
The limit of what the sources allow
The ceiling of what the sources allow is stated before payment. Four structural limits apply regardless of the report tier purchased.
First: KRZ records proceedings after court entry. A filed insolvency application that has not yet been examined by the court does not appear. The gap between filing and entry can be several weeks. Second: RZ records registered pledges only. Contractual security arrangements — retention of title, fiduciary transfers, unregistered pledges — are invisible to the register. Third: tax liens arise by operation of law and attach to assets without registration. They do not appear in RZ and may not appear in KRS. Fourth: enforcement proceedings by individual bailiffs are not consolidated. A debtor may be subject to multiple active enforcement actions with no trace in any searchable public register.
The report states, for each layer, what was found and what the register structurally cannot confirm. No report from any source can eliminate these gaps. They are properties of the Polish register architecture, not of the search method.
What is included at each tier
| Tier | Price | Included | Not included |
|---|---|---|---|
| Signal | €590 | KRZ insolvency check; KRS status and officer extract; summary of findings in English; source badges with retrieval dates | RZ pledge search; KRN obligation search; certified translation; enforcement history analysis; cross-register discrepancy note |
| Standard | €990 | All Signal content; RZ registered pledge search; KRN obligation check (legitimate interest declaration included); cross-register discrepancy note; English-language narrative summary | Certified translation of source extracts; analysis of unregistered security interests; enforcement bailiff search; UBO chain beyond KRS disclosure |
| Extended | €2 200 | All Standard content; certified Polish-to-English translation of key extracts; enforcement context memo; identification of structural gaps by layer; collateral encumbrance summary for lender use | Legal qualification of findings; advice on enforcement strategy; representation in proceedings; verification of unregistered interests not appearing in any register |
Payment is arranged by invoice. Contact info@kordeckipartners.com to initiate a request and confirm the appropriate tier.
Frequently asked questions
Does a negative KRZ result confirm the debtor is solvent?
No. KRZ records proceedings after court entry. A filed application not yet examined does not appear. A negative result confirms no entered proceeding — not the absence of a filed one.
Are registered pledges the only security interests that affect collateral value?
No. Retention of title clauses, fiduciary transfers, and contractual pledges do not require registration in RZ and do not appear there. Tax liens arise by law without registration. The report identifies what RZ shows and states explicitly that unregistered interests are outside the scope of any register-based search.
Can a foreign lender run these searches directly?
KRZ and KRS are publicly searchable by name. RZ requires a Polish electronic signature or Profil Zaufany account. KRN requires a Polish-language legitimate interest statement. The practical barrier for most foreign requesters is the identifier requirement: a precise search requires NIP or PESEL, not just a name.
How long does the report take?
Signal tier: two to three business days. Standard tier: three to five business days. Extended tier: five to seven business days. Timelines assume the debtor's NIP or PESEL is provided at the time of instruction.
Is the report usable as due diligence evidence in a financing transaction?
The report is a factual compilation from official registers. It does not constitute legal advice and contains no legal qualification of the facts established. Whether it satisfies the due diligence requirements of a specific transaction is a question for the lender's legal counsel.
Where the sources disagree
KRS and KRZ can show conflicting signals. A company may appear active in KRS — no dissolution, no liquidator entered — while KRZ records an open restructuring proceeding. Both entries are current. The restructuring may have been opened without triggering a KRS notation yet. The report flags any such divergence as a finding in its own right, not as an error in either register.
KRN entries may relate to obligations already satisfied. The register records the entry date; it does not automatically record satisfaction unless the creditor files a deletion request. An active KRN entry therefore requires verification against the creditor's own records — a step outside the scope of a register-based report.
Disclaimer: This report is a factual compilation from official registers and public sources. It is provided for informational purposes only, does not constitute legal advice, and contains no legal qualification of the facts established. KORDECKI & Partners assumes no liability for actions taken or not taken based on this material. For advice regarding your particular situation, please contact info@kordeckipartners.com.