Every factual claim in a KORDECKI & Partners asset report carries a source citation. The citation states which register was queried, the date the data was retrieved, and the access condition that applied. This page explains the citation standard and what it means for a foreign buyer or lender relying on the report as collateral evidence.
- Citation format
- Register name · retrieved DD.MM.YYYY · access condition (public / declared interest / credentialed request). Applied to every factual claim.
- What the citation covers
- Ownership entries, encumbrance registrations, insolvency filings, and regulatory status — each sourced separately, each dated.
- What the citation does not cover
- Unregistered interests, contractual restrictions not filed in a public register, and facts that post-date the retrieval date.
- Verification date
- Each page of this section states its publication date. Register data reflects the state at retrieval, not at the moment of reading.
Why the source and date appear on every claim
Polish asset registers — the Land and Mortgage Register (Księga Wieczysta), the National Court Register (KRS), the National Debt Register (KRD), the Register of Pledges (Rejestr Zastawów), and the National Insolvency Register (KRZ) — each operate on independent update cycles. A mortgage discharged in one register may still appear active in a second register if the corresponding entry has not yet been updated. Citing a single retrieval date per register makes that lag visible.
A lender or buyer using the report as collateral evidence needs to know not only what each register showed, but when it was queried and under what access condition. An entry retrieved under a declared legitimate interest carries a different procedural weight than one retrieved from an open public interface. The citation records that distinction explicitly.
Three citation levels used in this section
Not every fact can be sourced to a primary register with a timestamped retrieval. The section uses three levels, applied consistently across all reports.
| Level | Condition | How it appears in the report |
|---|---|---|
| 1 — Confirmed | Entry present in a primary register; retrieval date recorded | Exact value stated with register name and date: Source: Rejestr Zastawów · retrieved 02.06.2026 |
| 2 — Probable | Fact known from a secondary or aggregated source; no timestamped primary entry | Qualified language: "approximately", "in the range of", "as of the last available filing" |
| 3 — Mechanism only | Specific figure unavailable; the governing rule is known | Mechanism described without a figure: "the registrar's published tariff applies" |
A Level 1 citation can be verified independently by querying the same register on the same date. A Level 2 citation signals that independent verification requires accessing the primary source directly. A Level 3 citation tells the reader where to find the figure, not what it is.
What is cited for Polish collateral specifically
Polish law provides several registers that bear directly on collateral value and encumbrance status. Each is cited separately when queried.
- Księga Wieczysta (KW) — land and mortgage register; shows ownership, mortgages, easements, and use restrictions by land parcel number
- Rejestr Zastawów — registered pledges over movable assets and receivables; operated by the Ministry of Justice
- Krajowy Rejestr Zadłużonych (KRZ) — national insolvency register; shows open restructuring and bankruptcy proceedings
- Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy (KRS) — national court register; shows corporate status, share structure, and registered representatives
- Centralny Rejestr Beneficjentów Rzeczywistych (CRBR) — beneficial ownership register; access conditions are subject to verification before each report
Where a register requires a national identifier (NIP, PESEL, or KW number) to return a result, the report states which identifier was used and how it was obtained. A query run without the correct identifier may return a false negative. The citation records the identifier used so the query can be reproduced.
Access conditions and what they mean for the citation
Some Polish registers are publicly accessible without registration. Others require an account, a declared legitimate interest, or a qualified electronic signature. The access condition affects what the citation can assert.
A query run through a public interface without registration can be repeated by any party. A query that required a declared legitimate interest was run under a specific procedural condition; the same result may not be reproducible by a party that cannot establish that interest. The report states which condition applied.
Where a register is public and free of charge, the report says so. The fee charged by KORDECKI & Partners covers the removed path: obtaining the correct identifier, submitting the query under the applicable access condition, translating the result, and integrating it with findings from other registers into a single dated document.
Registers that are free of charge
Several Polish registers provide data at no cost through public interfaces. The Księga Wieczysta system (ekw.ms.gov.pl) returns the full register entry for any parcel number without charge or registration. The KRS returns corporate filings without charge. The KRZ returns insolvency entries without charge.
This register is public and free of charge. What the report fee covers is the removed path: registration, national identifier, language, electronic signature, declaration of legitimate interest — and the integration of results across registers into a single dated collateral picture.
Where sources disagree
Polish registers do not update simultaneously. A mortgage discharged at the notary level may remain in the KW until the court processes the deletion application. A pledge released by agreement may remain in the Rejestr Zastawów until the creditor files for removal. When two registers return conflicting entries for the same asset, the report does not resolve the conflict — it states both entries, their dates, and the register each came from.
That discrepancy is itself a finding. A lender or buyer relying on the report as collateral evidence should treat an unresolved conflict between registers as an open encumbrance until the underlying documentation is produced.
The limit of what the sources allow
Polish public registers record what has been filed. They do not record unregistered contractual encumbrances, oral agreements affecting title, or interests that arose after the retrieval date. A clean register entry on the retrieval date does not confirm that the asset is unencumbered; it confirms that no encumbrance was registered as of that date.
The KW shows only encumbrances that have been entered in the land register. A contractual right of pre-emption (prawo pierwokupu) not entered in the KW will not appear. A usufruct established by agreement but not registered will not appear. The report states what the register shows and names the categories of interest that fall outside register coverage.
The ceiling of what the sources allow is stated before payment. Where a register cannot answer the question posed — because the relevant interest is not registrable, because the applicable access condition cannot be met, or because the identifier is unavailable — the report says so explicitly rather than returning a false negative.
Frequently asked questions
Does a clean KW entry mean the asset is free of encumbrances?
No. The KW shows registered encumbrances. Unregistered contractual rights, fiscal liens not yet entered, and interests in the process of registration will not appear. The report states what the KW shows and identifies categories of interest outside its scope.
Can the report be used as evidence in financing documentation?
The report is a factual compilation from official registers. Whether it satisfies the evidentiary requirements of a specific financing transaction is a question for legal counsel, not for this page. The report provides the underlying register data with source citations and retrieval dates.
What happens if the register is updated after the retrieval date?
The report reflects the state of each register at the retrieval date stated in the citation. Post-retrieval changes are not captured. For transactions with a material gap between report date and closing, a refresh query on the relevant registers is standard practice.
Why does the report cite the identifier used for each query?
Polish registers return results by identifier, not by name. A query run with an incorrect or incomplete identifier may miss entries. Stating the identifier used allows the query to be reproduced and the result to be verified independently.
What does "declared legitimate interest" mean for access?
Some registers restrict access to parties who can demonstrate a legal basis for the query — a pending transaction, a creditor relationship, or a similar ground. Where that condition applied, the report states it. A party without that basis may not be able to reproduce the same query result independently.
Disclaimer: This report is a factual compilation from official registers and public sources. It is provided for informational purposes only, does not constitute legal advice, and contains no legal qualification of the facts established. KORDECKI & Partners assumes no liability for actions taken or not taken based on this material. For advice regarding your particular situation, please contact info@kordeckipartners.com.